by means of，to do/doing 作主语
by means of 是介宾短语，也叫介词短语,不能做主语、宾语和同位语的，因为介词短语是修饰性的，相当于英语中的形容词或者副词的功能，因此介词短语可以作句子的定语，表语、状语、宾语补足语。The book on the desk is mine.课桌上的书是我的。(on the besk作book的后置定语)The monkey is in the tree.猴子在树上。(in the tree作表语)They had a meeting in the hall.他们在大厅里开了一个会议。(in the hall作地点状语)Don't always keep your dog in the room.别老是把你的狗关在家里。(in the room是dog的补足语)补充说明，有时介词短语处于句首，很容易被人误会为是主语，这往往是状语提前或者是倒装句：In the room there are some old pictures.房间里有些旧画。（地点状语前置了）On the hill stands an old church.小山顶上矗立着一座老教堂。（地点状语前置了,也可以认为是倒装）by means of simulator, unit's operation mode under different operating condition can be analyzed, studied and optimized. 借助于仿真机可以分析、研究和优化机组在不同工作条件下的运行方式。以下是几个by means of 的例句They succeeded by means of perseverance. 他们依靠坚忍不拔而获得成功。Communicated by means of television or radio。by means of a few drops of strong cordial, the doctor revived the besotted corpse for a few minutes 博士滴了几滴强烈的兴奋剂，使这个没有知觉的身躯复活了几分钟。 动名词和不定式都可以作主语。1）一般来说，表示比较抽象的行为动作时多用动名词；表示比较具体的某次行为动作时多用不定式。如：No smoking is permitted here.It is not very good for you to smoke so much.Reading more is necessary.It is quite necessary to read it again.2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)3）在许多情况下，两者可以互换，意义上没有太大的差别。如：Seeing him happy made me happy too.It made me happy to see him happy.It is useless learning something without practising it.It is useless to learn something without practising it.4）不定式作主语时，常使用形式主语结构；而动名词作主语时，较少用形式主语结构，只有在 It is no good, It is no use, It is useless, It is worthwhile 等句型中出现 it 作形式主语现象。如：It is hard to make him change him mind.It is not an easy thing to master a language.How would it be to start tomorrow?It took all his strength to move out of the crowds.It seemed a pity to give up the chance.Business is business and it will not do to be so careless.It is no good pretending to know what you don't know.It is no use regretting the past.It is worthwhile learning another language.5）在 there is no ... 句型中的主语只能用动名词，并且不能带逻辑主语。如：There is no denying the fact.Well, you have said it and there is no taking it back.上述句子的意思如用不定式则分别为：It is impossible to deny the fact.Well, you have said it and it is impossible for you to take it back.请看下面的例子：_____computers is my job.A.To sell B.Sell C.Selling D.Sold这里讲的是一个笼统的，抽象的动作行为。“销售电脑是我的工作 / 我的工作是销售电脑。”所以说：Selling computers is my job.试比较：Teaching English is my job. （笼统、抽象、泛指）To teach you English this term is my job. （具体、特指）英语教师高中
标签：means,do,doing
